Diagnosis and management of orbital and cranial complications of pediatric acute rhinosinusitis / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To review the clinical characteristics, to illustrate diagnosis and management experience of orbital and cranial complications of pediatric acute rhinosinusitis. Methods: The clinical data of 24 children with orbital and cranial complications of acute rhinosinusitis who received endoscopic sinus surgery combined with drug treatment in Beijing Children's Hospital from January 2017 to December 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. There were 19 boys and 5 girls. The age varied from 13 to 159 months, with a median 47.5 months. The following diagnoses were obtained: 12 isolated subperiosteal orbital abscess, 2 associated with preseptal abscess, 2 associated with intraorbital abscess, 7 associated with optic neuritis, and 1 associated with septic cavernous sinus thrombosis. Clinical characteristics, organism isolated and outcomes were analyzed through descriptive methods. Results: All 24 patients presented with fever; 9 presented with nasal congestion and purulent discharge. The clinical manifestations of orbital infection included orbital edema, pain, proptosis and displacement of globe in all patients, while visual impairment was recognized in 7 children. Purulent drainage was cultured in 17 patients, among which 12 were positive. All patients underwent nasal endoscopic surgical interventions uneventfully, excluding one patient who required a second surgical procedure. Follow-up period ranged from 5 to 64 months. All patients resolved fully, with the exception of 2 children who got permanent blindness with visual loss preoperative. There was no recurrence or death. Conclusions: Orbital and cranial complications of pediatric acute rhinosinusitis could be severe with an occult onset. For patients with vison impairment, any signs of intracranial complications and a lack of response to conservative management, an urgent endoscopic intervention is needed.

Una nueva perspectiva en rinosinusitis: EPOS 2020 / A new perspective on rhinosinusitis: EPOS 2020

Resumen EPOS 2020 (European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps 2020) es una guía clínica desarrollada por un grupo profesionales expertos en el área rinosinusal de la Sociedad Europea de Rinología, que corresponde a la última actualización de sus versiones anteriores (2005, 2007 y 2012). El objetivo principal del documento es entregar recomendaciones claras basadas en la mejor evidencia disponible y algoritmos de manejo concisos para las patologías de rinosinusitis aguda y crónica tanto en adultos como en pacientes pediátricos. Algunas de las novedades más importantes de esta guía, son: nueva clasificación de rinosinusitis crónica en primarias y secundarias, rinosinusitis crónica en pediatría, nuevos conceptos en cirugía sinusal, entre otros. También enfatiza la importancia de manejo multidisciplinario de la patología, incluyendo el autocuidado del paciente, inclusive promoviendo el uso de medicamentos de venta libre, antes del manejo médico en niveles escalonados de atención. El objetivo de esta revisión es dar a conocer de manera resumida el manejo de rinosinusitis aguda y crónica en adultos propuesta en esta guía.

Abstract EPOS 2020 (European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps 2020) is a clinical guide developed by a group of professional experts in the rhinosinusal area of the European Society of Rhinology, which corresponds to the latest update of its previous versions (2005, 2007 and 2012). The main objective of the document is to bring clear recommendations based on the best available evidence and concise management algorithms for the pathologies of acute and chronic rhinosinusitis in both adults and pediatric patients. Some of the most important novelties of this guide are: new classification of chronic rhinosinusitis in primary and secondary, chronic rhinosinusitis in pediatrics, new concepts in sinus surgery, among others. It also emphasizes the importance of multidisciplinary management of the pathology, including self-care of the patient, promoting the use of over-the-counter medications, before medical management at tiered levels of care. The objective of this review is to present in a summarized way the management of acute and chronic rhinosinusitis in adults proposed in this guide.

Effects of nasal aspiration by the Proetz® method in pediatric patients with sinusitis

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: To characterize the effects of nasal aspiration with Proetz® in peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF) in pediatric sinusitis (PS) patients with nasal obstruction. METHODS: This is a non-randomized descriptive-analytical clinical trial with a quantitative approach. The sample comprised 30 children. Initially, the PNIF was measured and the Visual Analogical Scale (VAS) was used for nasal obstruction, followed by the nasal aspiration procedure. The SNOT-22 questionnaire was applied to the legal guardian of each child, and one week later, it was reapplied for the sake of follow-up. RESULTS: 16 (53.3%) patients were females and 14 (46.7%) were males, with an average age of 6.4±1.8 years (between 4 and 10 years of age). Analyses of the VAS for obstruction before the intervention revealed that 10 of the participants (33.3%) presented moderate levels, and 20 of them (66.7%) severe levels. However, after the Proetz® method was applied, all the samples (n=30) had mild levels. The PNIF significantly increased after the technique was used, with an improvement of 23.4% in mean values. There was no significant correlation between the VAS and the PNIF. CONCLUSION: Nasal aspiration with the Proetz® method significantly improved the clinical condition of sinusitis patients with nasal obstruction according to the visual analogical scale, the PNIF, and the SNOT-22 questionnaire. No correlation between the VAS and the PNIF could be found. The study confirms the importance of non-pharmacological interventions in the treatment of sinusitis in children, thus resulting in an improvement in their quality of life.

RESUMO OBJETIVO: Caracterizar os efeitos da aspiração nasal com Proetz® no pico do fluxo inspiratório nasal (Pnif) em pacientes com sinusite pediátrica (SP) com obstrução nasal. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um ensaio clínico analítico descritivo, não randomizado, com abordagem quantitativa. A amostra foi composta por 30 crianças. Inicialmente, o Pnif foi medido e a escala visual analógica (EVA) foi utilizada para obstrução nasal, seguida do procedimento de aspiração nasal. O questionário Snot-22 foi aplicado ao responsável legal de cada criança e, uma semana depois, foi reaplicado para fins de acompanhamento. RESULTADOS: Dezesseis (53,3%) pacientes eram do sexo feminino e 14 (46,7%) do sexo masculino, com idade média de 6,4±1,8 anos (entre 4 e 10 anos). A análise da EVA para obstrução antes da intervenção revelou que dez dos participantes (33,3%) apresentaram níveis moderados e 20 deles (66,7%), níveis graves. No entanto, após a aplicação do método Proetz®, todas as amostras (n=30) apresentaram níveis leves. O Pnif aumentou significativamente após a utilização da técnica, com uma melhoria de 23,4% nos valores médios. Não houve correlação significativa entre EVA e Pnif. CONCLUSÃO: A aspiração nasal com o método Proetz® melhorou significativamente o quadro clínico de pacientes com sinusite com obstrução nasal, de acordo com a escala visual analógica, o Pnif e o questionário Snot-22. Não foi encontrada correlação entre EVA e Pnif. O estudo confirma a importância de intervenções não farmacológicas no tratamento da sinusite em crianças, resultando em melhoria na sua qualidade de vida.

Evaluación pretrasplante en otorrinolaringología / Pretransplant evaluation in otolaryngology

Resumen Los pacientes trasplantados presentan mayor vulnerabilidad a complicaciones infecciosas, no solo debido al uso de drogas inmunosupresoras, sino que también, a las enfermedades subyacentes que presentan y a la falla de órganos primarios. A pesar de que las infecciones otorrinolaringológicas no son frecuentes en estos pacientes, es importante establecer un adecuado estudio y tratamiento de ellas. A través del siguiente artículo se aportan directrices en el estudio pretrasplante desde un enfoque otorrinolaringológico, generando recomendaciones de acuerdo a la patología del paciente y el órgano a trasplantar. Si bien, las recomendaciones se realizan según evaluación rinosinusal, otológica y faringoamigdalina, una adecuada anamnesis y examen físico son los pilares de la evaluación pretrasplante en otorrinolaringología, reservándose el estudio con imágenes para aquellos pacientes con alteraciones sospechosas.

Abstract Transplanted patients have higher frequency of infectious complications, not only due to the use of immunosuppressive drugs, but also the underlying diseases that present and the failure of primary organs. Although ear, nose and throat (ENT) infections are not frequent in these patients, it is important to establish an adequate study and treatment of them. Through the following article, guidelines are provided in the pretransplant study from an ENT approach, generating recommendations according to the pathology of the patient and the organ to be transplanted. Although, the recommendations are made according to rhinosinusal, otological and pharyngotonsiline evaluation, adequate anamnesis and physical examination are the pillars of the pretransplant evaluation in otolaryngology, reserving the study with images for patients with suspicious alterations.

Rinosinusitis crónica en niños: revisión de la evaluación y manejo actual / Chronic rhinosinusitis in children: review of the evaluation and current management

La rinosinusitis crónica (RSC) en niños corresponde a la inflamación de la mucosa de la cavidad nasal y senos paranasales, presentando síntomas como obstrucción nasal, descarga nasal, presión o dolor facial y tos, presentes por más de 12 semanas. Conlleva una gran carga de morbilidad para quienes la padecen, y un alto costo económico. Su diagnóstico constituye un desafío debido a la sobreposición de síntomas con infecciones respiratorias altas y otras condiciones no infecciosas. En los últimos años se han dilucidado nuevos factores contribuyentes como los biofilms , disfunción del microbioma, y el creciente papel de mecanismos inflamatorios no infecciosos. El estudio imagenológico de elección es la tomografía computarizada, preferentemente en casos de duda diagnóstica, falta de respuesta a tratamiento o sospecha de complicaciones. El tratamiento de primera línea es el manejo médico, basado en irrigación nasal, posible uso de antibióticos prolongados y corticoides nasales. Para casos refractarios se plantean intervenciones quirúrgicas, siendo la adenoidectomía la primera elección, principalmente en niños menores; otras intervenciones incluyen la cirugía endoscópica de cavidades paranasales. Nuevas terapias biológicas están siendo estudiadas basadas en los mecanismos inflamatorios no infecciosos de la RSC y su relación con comorbilidades como el asma.

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) in children is the inflammation of the nasal and sinus mucosa, presenting symptoms such as obstruction, nasal discharge, pressure or facial pain and cough, which extends for more than 12 weeks. It represents a great burden for those affected, with high economic cost. Its diagnosis constitutes a challenge due to the overlap of symptoms with other upper respiratory infections and other non-infectious conditions. In recent years, new contributing factors have been elucidated, such as biofilms, microbiome dysfunction, and the growing role of noninfectious inflammatory mechanisms. Diagnosis depends on the recognition of characteristic symptoms and their duration. The imaging study of choice is computed tomography, especially in cases of diagnostic doubt, lack of response to treatment or suspicion of complications. First-line treatment of is based on nasal irrigation, possible use of prolonged antibiotics and nasal corticosteroids. For refractory cases, surgical intervention is proposed, with adenoidectomy being the first choice, mainly in younger children; other interventions include endoscopic sinus surgery. New biological therapies are being studied based on noninfectious inflammatory mechanisms of CRS and its comorbidities such as asthma.

Manejo multidisciplinario de rinosinusitis bacteriana aguda posterior a elevación de seno maxilar: reporte de caso rehabilitado a tres años de seguimiento / Multidisciplinary management of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis after maxillary sinus lift: three years follow-up: case report

La cirugía de elevación de seno maxilar se considera como la técnica de aumento óseo más predecible. Sin embargo, no está exenta de complicaciones las cuales deben ser manejadas adecuadamente. Se presenta un caso clínico rehabilitado, con un seguimiento de 3 años, en el cual se realizó un manejo multidisciplinario y resolutivo de complicaciones asociadas a la técnica quirúrgica de elevación de membrana sinusal vía ventana lateral. Frente a una infección postoperatoria, como la presentada en el caso, hay que considerar iniciar un tratamiento antibiótico en el momento adecuado para impedir el agravamiento del cuadro clínico o un cambio de esquema en caso de resistencia antimicrobiana.

Maxillary sinus lift surgery is considered the most predictable bone augmentation technique. However, this procedure is not without complications, which must be handled properly. We present a rehabilitated clinical case, with a 3-year follow-up, in which a multidisciplinary and resolutive management of complications associated with the surgical technique of sinus lift procedure, using lateral window approach, was performed. In case of postoperative infection, such as the one presented in this report, it is necessary to consider starting an antibiotic treatment at the adequate moment to prevent the aggravation of the illness or change the pharmacological treatment in case of antimicrobial resistance.

Rinosinusitis fúngica invasiva aguda: actualización en pacientes adultos y pediátricos / Acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis: update in adults and pediatric patients

RESUMEN La rinosinusitis fúngica invasiva aguda (RSFIA) es una enfermedad poco frecuente caracterizada por una infiltración fúngica de la submucosa y vasos sanguíneos de las cavidades nasal y paranasal. Afecta a pacientes con grados variables de inmunosupresión, destacando entre estas patologías subyacentes la diabetes mellitus y las neoplasias malignas hematológicas. Presenta una alta tasa de mortalidad, pudiendo reducirse significativamente si el diagnóstico y el tratamiento se realizan precozmente. Este artículo tiene por objetivo presentar una revisión actualizada de la literatura respecto a la presentación clínica, microbiología, factores de riesgos, métodos diagnósticos, tratamiento y pronóstico de la RSFIA, tanto en adultos como en niños.

ABSTRACT Acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis (AIFS) is a rare disease characterized by fungal infiltration of the submucosa and blood vessels of the nasal y paranasal cavities. It affects almost exclusively patients with different degrees of immunosuppression, with underlying pathologies such as diabetes mellitus and hematological malignancies. AIFS has a high mortality rate, but it can be significantly reduced if the diagnosis and treatment are carried out early in the course of disease. This article aims to present an updated literature review regarding clinical presentation, microbiology, risk factors, diagnostic methods, treatment and prognosis of AIFS, both in adults and children.

Sinusitis aguda invasiva por Exserohilum rostratum en una paciente pediátrica con recaída medular de leucemia linfoblástica aguda / Invasive acute sinusitis by Exserohilum rostratum in a patient with medullary relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukemia

La infección fúngica invasora ha aumentado en frecuencia a lo largo de la última década, y la sinusitis fúngica es cada vez más habitual. Los hongos del género Exserohilum (familia Pleosporaceae, orden Pleosporales) son filamentosos y dematiáceos, de localización ubicua. Se trata de patógenos emergentes, que producen, en la mayoría de los casos, infecciones sistémicas que afectan, principalmente, a los senos paranasales y los pulmones. Son más frecuentes en pacientes inmunosuprimidos, aunque pueden presentarse en pacientes inmunocompetentes. El tratamiento de estas infecciones comprende el tratamiento antifúngico, resección quirúrgica y restitución de la inmunidad. Se presenta el caso de una paciente con recaída medular de leucemia linfoblástica aguda con sinusitis fúngica invasiva por Exserohilum rostratum.

Invasive fungal infection has increased in frequency over the last decade, with fungal sinusitis becoming more frequent. The fungi of the genus Exserohilum (family Pleosporaceae, order Pleosporales) are filamentous and dematiaceous of ubiquitous location. It is an emerging pathogen, which in most cases produces a systemic infection that mainly affects the paranasal sinuses and lungs. It is more common in immunosuppressed patients, although it may occur in immunocompetent patients. The treatment is based on three pillars: antifungal treatment, surgical debridement and restitution of immunity. We present the case of a patient with medullary relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukemia with invasive fungal sinusitis by Exserohilum rostratum.

Rinosinusitis recalcitrante por granulomatosis eosinofílica con poliangeítis: reporte de un caso clínico y revisión de la literatura / Chronic recalcitrant rhinosinusitis secondary to eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis: report of a case and literature review

RESUMEN Se expone el caso de un paciente de 40 años con diagnóstico de granulomatosis eosinofílica con poliangeítis subyacente a una rinosinusitis crónica recalcitrante. Se describe el caso y se discuten aspectos relevantes de la literatura al respecto.

ABSTRACT We report the case of a 40-year-old man with diagnosis of chronic recalcitrant rhino-sinusitis secondary to eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis. We described the case and discuss relevant aspects of the literature about it.

Efficacy of syringe-irrigation topical therapy and the influence of the middle turbinate in sinus penetration of solutions / Eficácia da terapia tópica de irrigação com seringa e a influência da concha média na penetração sinusal de soluções

Abstract Introduction: Topical therapies are the best postoperative treatment option for chronic rhinosinusitis, especially those with high volume and pressure, such as the squeeze bottles. However, they are not an available option in Brazil, where irrigation syringes are used. Objective: To investigate the efficacy of topical sinonasal therapy with syringe and the influence of the middle turbinate on this process Methods: Intervention study in training models (S.I.M.O.N.T.). After standard dissection, three interventions were performed (Nasal Spray 4 puffs, 60-mL syringe and 240-mL Squeeze Bottle) with normal and Sutured Middle Turbinate. Images of each sinus were captured after the interventions, totalizing 144 images. The images were classified by 10 evaluators according to the amount of residual volume from zero to 3, with zero and 1 being considered poor penetration and 2 and 3, good penetration. The 1440 evaluations were used in this study. Results: Considering all middle turbinate situations, the amount of good penetrations were 8.1% for Spray; 68.3% for Syringe, and 78.3% for Squeeze (p < 0.0001). Considering all types of interventions, the Normal Middle Turbinate group had 48.2% of good penetrations and the Sutured Middle Turbinate, 55% (p = 0.01). Considering only the Sutured Middle Turbinates, there was no difference between the interventions with Syringe and Squeeze (76.3% vs. 80.4%; p = 0.27). Conclusion: Topical therapy of irrigation with a 60-mL syringe was more effective than that with nasal spray. The status of the middle turbinate proved to be fundamental and influenced topical therapy. Irrigation with syringe was as effective as the squeeze bottle when the middle turbinate was sutured to the nasal septum.

Resumo Introdução: Terapias tópicas são a melhor opção de tratamento pós-operatório da rinossinusite crônica, principalmente com alto volume e pressão, como os squeeze bottles. Porém, não são opções disponíveis na realidade brasileira, na qual frequentemente são usados seringas para a irrigação. Objetivo: Averiguar a eficácia da terapia tópica nasossinusal com seringa e a influência da concha média nesse processo. Método: Estudo de intervenção em modelos de treinamento (S.I.M.O.N.T.). Após dissecção padronizada, três intervenções foram feitas (spray nasal 4 puffs, seringa de 60 mL e squeeze bottle de 240 mL) com a concha média normal e suturada. Foram capturadas imagens de cada seio após as intervenções, totalizando 144 imagens. As imagens foram classificadas por 10 avaliadores de acordo com a quantidade de volume residual de zero a 3, sendo zero e 1 considerados penetração ruim e 2 e 3, penetração boa. As 1.440 avaliações foram utilizadas neste estudo. Resultados: Considerando todas as situações de concha média, a quantidade de penetrações boas foi de 8,1% para spray; 68,3% para seringa e 78,3% para squeeze (p < 0,0001). Considerando todos os tipos de intervenção, a concha média normal obteve 48,2% de penetrações boas e a concha média suturada, 55% (p = 0,01). Considerando apenas concha média suturada, não houve diferença entre as intervenções seringa e squeeze (76,3% vs. 80,4%; p = 0,27). Conclusão: A terapia tópica de irrigação com seringa de 60 mL foi mais eficaz do que com spray nasal. O status da concha média mostrou-se fundamental e influenciou a terapia tópica. A irrigação com seringa foi tão eficaz quanto a com squeeze bottle quando a concha média foi suturada ao septo nasal.

The role of aspirin desensitization in patients with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) / O papel da dessensibilização à aspirina em pacientes portadores de doença respiratória exacerbada por aspirina (DREA)

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) consists of a classic tetrad: moderate/severe asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis, nasal polyps, and intolerance to aspirin or other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Clinical control with drugs, surgery, and desensitization are treatment options. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of aspirin desensitization in patients with AERD. METHODS: Periodic symptom assessment and endoscopy in patients with AERD undergoing surgery who were desensitized. RESULTS: Seventeen patients were desensitized. Eight patients completed the desensitization and were followed for a minimum of a one-year period (mean 3.1 years). These patients showed improvement in all symptoms. Moreover, surgical reassessment was not indicated in any of these patients and there was a decrease in costs with medication and procedures. Eight patients did not complete desensitization, mainly due to procedure intolerance and uncontrolled asthma, whereas another patient was lost to follow-up. CONCLUSION: Aspirin desensitization, when tolerated, was effective in patients with AERD and with poor clinical/surgical response.

Resumo Introdução: A doença respiratória exacerbada por aspirina é composta pela tétrade clássica: asma moderada/grave, rinossinusite crônica, pólipos nasais e intolerância à aspirina ou outro anti-inflamatório não esteroide. Controle clínico com medicamentos, cirurgias e dessensibilização são opções de tratamento. Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia e tolerabilidade da dessensibilização à aspirina em pacientes com doença exacerbada por aspirina. Método: Avaliação periódica dos sintomas e exame endoscópico em pacientes com doença respiratória exacerbada por aspirina submetidos à cirurgia e dessensibilizados. Resultados: Dezessete pacientes foram dessensibilizados, dos quais oito pacientes completaram a dessensibilização e foram acompanhados pelo tempo mínimo de 1 ano (média de 3,1 anos). Todos referiram melhora de todos os sintomas; não houve nenhuma indicação de reabordagem cirúrgica, e houve redução de gastos com medicações e procedimentos. Outros oito pacientes não completaram a dessensibilização, principalmente por intolerância ao procedimento e descontrole da asma, enquanto outro paciente perdeu o seguimento. Conclusão: A dessensibilização à aspirina, quando tolerada, mostrou-se eficaz nos pacientes com doença respiratória exacerbada por aspirina com resposta clínica/cirúrgica insatisfatória.

Chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyposis in cystic fibrosis: update on diagnosis and treatment / Rinossinusite crônica e polipose nasossinusal na fibrose cística: atualização sobre diagnóstico e tratamento

Although cystic fibrosis (CF) is an irreversible genetic disease, advances in treatment have increased the life expectancy of CF patients. Upper airway involvement, which is mainly due to pathological changes in the paranasal sinuses, is prevalent in CF patients, although many are only mildly symptomatic (with few symptoms). The objective of this literature review was to discuss the pathophysiology and current therapeutic management of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) in CF patients. The review was based on current evidence, which was classified in accordance with the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine criteria. When symptomatic, CRS with nasal polyps can affect quality of life and can lead to pulmonary exacerbations, given that the paranasal sinuses can be colonized with pathogenic bacteria, especially Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Infection with P. aeruginosa plays a crucial role in morbidity and mortality after lung transplantation in CF patients. Although clinical treatment of the upper airways is recommended as initial management, this recommendation is often extrapolated from studies of CRS in the general population. When sinonasal disease is refractory to noninvasive therapy, surgery is indicated. Further studies are needed in order to gain a better understanding of upper airway involvement and improve the management of CRS in CF patients, with the objective of preserving lung function and avoiding unnecessary invasive procedures.

A fibrose cística (FC) é uma doença genética irreversível, mas os avanços no tratamento têm aumentado a expectativa de vida dos pacientes. O acometimento das vias aéreas superiores, principalmente por alterações patológicas dos seios paranasais, é prevalente nesses pacientes, embora muitos apresentem poucos sintomas. O objetivo desta revisão é discutir a fisiopatologia e o manejo terapêutico atual da rinossinusite crônica (RSC) na FC. A revisão fundamentou-se nas evidências mais recentes, classificadas em conformidade com os critérios do Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. Quando sintomática, a RSC com pólipos nasais pode afetar a qualidade de vida e as exacerbações pulmonares, já que os seios paranasais podem ser colonizados por bactérias patogênicas, principalmente a Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Essa bactéria tem papel crucial na morbidade e mortalidade após o transplante pulmonar em pacientes com FC. Embora o tratamento clínico das vias aéreas superiores seja indicado no manejo inicial, a indicação é muitas vezes extrapolada de estudos sobre RSC na população geral. A cirurgia é a alternativa quando o quadro nasossinusal é refratário à terapia não invasiva. Mais estudos são necessários para compreender melhor o acometimento das vias aéreas superiores e melhorar o manejo da RSC na FC, a fim de preservar a função pulmonar e evitar procedimentos invasivos desnecessários.

Effectiveness of balloon sinuplasty in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis without polyposis, / Efetividade da sinuplastia com balão em pacientes com rinossinusite crônica sem polipose,

Introduction: Balloon sinuplasty is a minimally invasive endoscopic procedure, developed with the aim of restoring patency of the paranasal sinuses ostia with minimal damage to the mucosa. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of balloon sinuplasty in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. Methods: This was a prospective cohort study comprising 18 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis without polyposis who underwent balloon sinuplasty. Patients were evaluated for clinical criteria, quality of life (Sino-Nasal Outcome Questionnaire Test-20 SNOT-20]), and computed tomography of the sinuses (Lund–Mackay staging) preoperatively and three to six months after the procedure. Results: Out of 18 patients assessed, 13 were included, with a mean age of 39.9 ± 15.6 years. Ostia sinuplasty was performed in 24 ostia (four sphenoid, ten frontal, and ten maxillary sinus). At the follow-up, 22 (92%) ostia were patent and there was no major complication. There was symptomatic improvement (SNOT-20), with Cronbach coefficients for consistency of the questionnaire items of 0.86 (95% CI: 0.73–0.94) preoperatively and of 0.88 (95% CI: 0.77–0.95) postoperatively, the difference being statistically significant (p <0.001). In addition, there was marked reduction of the computed tomography signs, an average of 4.2 point score (p <0.001). Conclusion: Sinuplasty is effective in reducing symptoms and improving quality of life as a treatment option for chronic rhinosinusitis in selected patients. .

Introdução: Sinuplastia com balão é um procedimento endoscópico minimamente invasivo, desenvolvido com o objetivo de restaurar a patência dos óstios dos seios paranasais com mínimo dano à mucosa. Objetivo: Avaliar a efetividade da sinuplastia com balão em pacientes com diagnóstico de rinossinusite crônica. Método: Estudo de coorte, prospectivo, envolvendo 18 pacientes com rinossinusite crônica sem polipose submetidos à sinuplastia com balão. Foram avaliados critérios clínicos, qualidade de vida (SNOT-20) e tomografia computadorizada dos seios da face (estadiamento de Lund - Mackay) três a seis meses após o procedimento. Resultados: Dos dezoito pacientes avaliados, 13 foram incluídos, com média de idade 39.9 ± 15.6 anos. A sinuplastia foi realizada em 24 óstios (10 frontais, 10 maxilares e 4 esfenóides). Após acompanhamento, 22 (92%) óstios permaneceram patentes, sem ter ocorrido nenhuma complicação maior. Houve melhora sintomática (SNOT-20) com coeficiente de Cronbach para consistência dos itens do questionário de 0,86 (IC95% 0,73 - 0,94) no pré-operatório e 0,88 (IC95% 0,77 - 0,95) no pós-operatório, respectivamente, sendo estatisticamente significativa a diferenca (P< 0,001) e reducão marcante dos sinais à tomografia, em média 4,2 pontos do escore (P<0,001). Conclusão: Sinuplastia mostrou-se efetiva para redução de sintomas e melhora da qualidade devida como opção de tratamento da rinossinusite crônica em pacientes selecionados. .

A case of Kartagener’s syndrome: Importance of early diagnosis and treatment.

Kartagener’s syndrome is a very rare congenital malformation comprising of a classic triad of sinusitis, situs inversus and bronchiectasis. Primary ciliary dyskinesia is a genetic disorder with manifestations present from early life and this distinguishes it from acquired mucociliary disorders. Approximately one half of patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia have situs inversus and, thus are having Kartagener syndrome. We present a case of 12 year old boy with sinusitis, situs inversus and bronchiectasis. The correct diagnosis of this rare congenital autosomal recessive disorder in early life is important in the overall prognosis of the syndrome, as many of the complications can be prevented if timely management is instituted, as was done in this in this case.